The transportation of dangerous and sea-polluting substances by vessels transporting by sea is regulated by the International Convention for the Safety of the Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the International Convention for the Prevention of pollution from Ships (MARPOL).
In the relevant sections of SOLAS and MARPOL, the necessary regulations of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code (International Maritime Dangerous Goods Regulation) are explained in detail and they have adopted the law regarding the transportation of these substances by sea. As of January 1, 2004, the IMDG Code became mandatory.
Classification and risk definitions of dangerous goods for all transport types (sea, air, train, land and inland waterways) are also made by the UNITED NATIONS Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN).
The dangerous substance classifications defined within these regulations are as follows
Class1:Explosives
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Class 1.1 : Mass and Sudden Explosions
May contain explosives capable of causing a mass explosion. In an explosion, it affects almost all charges.
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Class 1.2 : Those That Throw Pieces But Do Not Explode in Mass
Contains explosives that have the risk of throwing fragments but will not cause a mass explosion.
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Class 1.3 : Flammable Explosives
It includes explosives that have the risk of starting fire, the explosion intensity is light, there is a danger of throwing parts even if it is small, but it will not cause a mass explosion.
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Class 1.4 : Low Damage Explosives
Contains explosives that have a slight explosion risk, their effects will not exceed the container they are in, and will not cause an explosion or fire outside.
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Class 1.5: Difficult to Explode, but Explosive Massively
Includes explosives with very low sensitivity that can explode en masse but explode very hard.
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Class 1.6 : Those that are Difficult to Explode and Do Not Have a Mass Explosion Hazard
It includes explosives that can explode very hard, have very low sensitivity, and do not have the danger of mass explosion.
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Class 2: Gases
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Class 2.1 : Flammable Gases
Substances weighing 454 kg (1001 lbs) that are gaseous below at 20°C (68°F). These substances have a pressure of 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) and a boiling point of 20°C (68°F) or less at this pressure. They are flammable at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) and air mixtures below 13%. Or they are flammable at a minimum of 12% air mixture and 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) pressure regardless of the lower limit.
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Class 2.2 : Flammable and Non-Toxic Gases
This class includes compressed gases, liquefied gases, compressed gases with pressurized cryogenic gases, and oxidizing gases. Flammable and non-toxic gases are gases not included in classes 2.1 and 2.3 with a pressure content of 280 kPa (40.6 psia) at 20°C (68°F).
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Class 2.3 : Toxic Gases Toxic gases that are
known to be harmful to human health and pose a health hazard during transportation.
are substances with an LC50 value above 5000 ml/m3 in tests on animals.
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Class 3: Flammable Liquids
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Flammable liquids are substances with a flash point of not more than 60.5°C (141°F), or in liquid form and kept heated for transport, with a flash point of 37.8°C (100°F) and above.
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Class 4 : Flammable Solids
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Class 4.1 : Flammable Solids
Flammable solids are flammable solids and solids that can cause fire due to friction. Self-reactive substances tend to undergo strong exothermic decomposition even without the participation of oxygen (air), which has no stable temperature.
Solid desensitized explosives; Polymerizing agents are substances that, without stabilization, are liable to undergo a strong exothermic reaction, leading to the formation of larger molecules or to the formation of polymers under normal conditions encountered in transport.
Explosives included in Class 1 but deactivated or substances specifically included in this class by the manufacturer.
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Class 4.2 : Self-Combustible Solids
Self-heating substances and articles, including mixtures and solutions, are liable to heat up in contact with air without any energy source. These substances ignite only in large quantities (in kilograms) and over a long period of time (hours or days).
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Class 4.3 : Hazardous in Contact
with Water Covers substances which, by reacting with water, give off flammable gases liable to form explosive mixtures with air, and articles containing similar substances.
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Class 5 : Oxidizing Agents and Organic Peroxides
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Class 5.1 : Oxidizing Agents
Covers substances which, whether or not themselves flammable, cause or contribute to the combustion of other materials, usually by giving off oxygen. Such substances may be contained in an object.
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Class 5.2 : Organic Peroxides
Organic peroxides are organic substances containing the divalent -OO- structure and can be thought of as derivatives of hydrogen peroxide in which one or both hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals. Substances of this class are divided into two subclasses as those requiring heat control and those not requiring heat control.
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Class 6: Toxic and Infectious Substances
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Class 6.1: Toxic (Toxic) Substances
These substances; are substances that can cause death or serious injury or harm human health if swallowed, inhaled or in contact with skin.
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Class 6.2 : Microbes Contagious Substances
Class 6.2 covers infectious substances. For the purposes of the IMDG code, infectious agents are those that are known and expected to contain pathogens. Pathogens are defined as microorganisms (including bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, parasites, fungi) and other agents such as prions that can cause disease in humans and animals.
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Class 7: Radioactive Substances
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Radioactive
Radioactive material means any material containing radionuclides that exceed the values specified in IMDG codes 2.2.7.2.2.1 to 2.2.7.2.2.6. in both activity concentration and total activity at consignment.
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Class 8: Corrosive (Corrosive) Substances
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Corrosive
Corrosive substances are substances that will cause irreversible damage to the skin by chemical action or, in the event of leakage, materially damage or even destroy other goods or means of transport. This class also includes other substances that only form corrosive liquids in the presence of water or produce corrosive vapors or mist in the presence of natural humidity of the air.
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Class 9: Other Dangerous Goods
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Other Dangerous Goods Substances
that pose a danger during transportation but do not comply with any of the defined classes are included in this class. This class includes the following substances:
substances that may endanger health if inhaled in the form of fine dust; Substances and articles capable of forming dioxins in case of fire; Substances emitting flammable vapor; Capacitors
Lithium batteries; Life-saving appliances; Substances harmful to the environment; marine pollutants; high-temperature substances; other substances and entertainment that do not meet the definitions in another class but present a hazard during carriage
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